[
  {
    "family": "Llama 2",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2023-07",
    "last_month": "2023-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 2-70B",
        "date": "2023-07-18",
        "month": "2023-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models/",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09288"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 2-70B",
        "date": "2023-07-18",
        "month": "2023-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models/",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09288"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 3.3,
    "central_musd": 7.26,
    "high_musd": 12.87
  },
  {
    "family": "Llama 3 / 3.1 / 3.2 / 3.3",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2024-04",
    "last_month": "2024-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 3-70B",
        "date": "2024-04-18",
        "month": "2024-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 3.3 70B",
        "date": "2024-12-06",
        "month": "2024-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://www.llama.com/docs/model-cards-and-prompt-formats/llama3_3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 63.354,
    "central_musd": 110.86949999999999,
    "high_musd": 249.68
  },
  {
    "family": "Llama 4 Scout + Maverick",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2025-04",
    "last_month": "2025-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 4 Scout",
        "date": "2025-04-05",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.meta.com/blog/llama-4-multimodal-intelligence/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Llama 4 Maverick",
        "date": "2025-04-05",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.meta.com/blog/llama-4-multimodal-intelligence/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 11.07,
    "central_musd": 20.295,
    "high_musd": 38.376
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 2.5",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2024-09",
    "last_month": "2025-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen2.5-72B",
        "date": "2024-09-19",
        "month": "2024-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen2.5/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen2.5-VL-72B",
        "date": "2025-02-19",
        "month": "2025-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13923"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 7.5168,
    "central_musd": 30.44304,
    "high_musd": 90.2016
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 3",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2025-04",
    "last_month": "2025-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3-235B-A22B",
        "date": "2025-04-29",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B",
        "date": "2025-09-10",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://qwen.ai/blog?id=4074cca80393150c248e508aa62983f9cb7d27cd&from=research.latest-advancements-list"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 13.76,
    "central_musd": 41.96,
    "high_musd": 129.73
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 3.5",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2026-02",
    "last_month": "2026-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3.5 397B-A17B",
        "date": "2026-02-15",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://qwen.ai/blog?id=qwen3.5"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3.5-122B-A10B",
        "date": "2026-02-24",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen3.5?tab=readme-ov-file"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.2416,
    "central_musd": 28.30464,
    "high_musd": 178.2144
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 3.8",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2026-08",
    "last_month": "2026-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B",
        "date": "2026-08-08",
        "month": "2026-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B",
        "date": "2026-08-08",
        "month": "2026-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 6.84,
    "central_musd": 38.475,
    "high_musd": 273.6
  },
  {
    "family": "DeepSeek V2",
    "organization": "DeepSeek",
    "first_month": "2024-05",
    "last_month": "2024-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V2 (MoE-236B)",
        "date": "2024-05-07",
        "month": "2024-05",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04434",
          "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V2.5",
        "date": "2024-09-06",
        "month": "2024-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2.5"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.81648,
    "central_musd": 2.112642,
    "high_musd": 6.1236
  },
  {
    "family": "DeepSeek V3 / R1 / V3.x",
    "organization": "DeepSeek",
    "first_month": "2024-12",
    "last_month": "2025-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V3",
        "date": "2024-12-24",
        "month": "2024-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V3.2",
        "date": "2025-12-01",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://api-docs.deepseek.com/news/news251201"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.788,
    "central_musd": 8.364,
    "high_musd": 25.092
  },
  {
    "family": "DeepSeek V4 Pro + Flash",
    "organization": "DeepSeek",
    "first_month": "2026-04",
    "last_month": "2026-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V4-Pro",
        "date": "2026-04-24",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro/blob/main/DeepSeek_V4.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek-V4-Flash",
        "date": "2026-04-24",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro/blob/main/DeepSeek_V4.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 9.7584,
    "central_musd": 26.34768,
    "high_musd": 82.9464
  },
  {
    "family": "DeepSeek V4.1 Flash",
    "organization": "DeepSeek",
    "first_month": "2026-09",
    "last_month": "2026-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek V4.1 Flash",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "month": "2026-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash/blob/main/DeepSeek_V41_Tech_Report.pdf",
          "https://www.deepseek.com/en/news/deepseek-v4-1-flash/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "DeepSeek V4.1 Flash",
        "date": "2026-09-09",
        "month": "2026-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash/blob/main/DeepSeek_V41_Tech_Report.pdf",
          "https://www.deepseek.com/en/news/deepseek-v4-1-flash/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.728,
    "central_musd": 9.72,
    "high_musd": 69.12
  },
  {
    "family": "Kimi K2 / K2.5",
    "organization": "Moonshot",
    "first_month": "2025-07",
    "last_month": "2026-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Kimi K2",
        "date": "2025-07-11",
        "month": "2025-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://moonshotai.github.io/Kimi-K2/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Kimi K2.5",
        "date": "2026-02-02",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02276"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 4.6848,
    "central_musd": 12.64896,
    "high_musd": 39.8208
  },
  {
    "family": "Kimi K3",
    "organization": "Moonshot",
    "first_month": "2026-07",
    "last_month": "2026-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Kimi K3",
        "date": "2026-07-16",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K3"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Kimi K3",
        "date": "2026-07-16",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K3"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 7.488,
    "central_musd": 42.12,
    "high_musd": 299.52
  },
  {
    "family": "LongCat Flash + 2.0",
    "organization": "Meituan",
    "first_month": "2025-09",
    "last_month": "2026-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "LongCat-Flash",
        "date": "2025-09-01",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01322"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "LongCat-2.0",
        "date": "2026-06-29",
        "month": "2026-06",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://longcat.chat/blog/longcat-2.0/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 10.0,
    "central_musd": 29.82096,
    "high_musd": 204.0
  },
  {
    "family": "Ling 1T / 2.6",
    "organization": "Ant Group",
    "first_month": "2025-10",
    "last_month": "2026-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Ling-1T",
        "date": "2025-10-10",
        "month": "2025-10",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/inclusionAI/Ling-1T",
          "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.22115"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Ling-2.6-flash",
        "date": "2026-04-21",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/inclusionAI/Ling-2.6-flash"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 7.104,
    "central_musd": 18.3816,
    "high_musd": 53.28
  },
  {
    "family": "GLM 4.5 / Air",
    "organization": "Z.ai",
    "first_month": "2025-07",
    "last_month": "2025-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-4.5",
        "date": "2025-07-28",
        "month": "2025-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06471"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-4.7",
        "date": "2025-12-22",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://z.ai/blog/glm-4.7"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 4.87872,
    "central_musd": 13.172544,
    "high_musd": 41.46912
  },
  {
    "family": "GLM 5 / 5.x",
    "organization": "Z.ai",
    "first_month": "2026-02",
    "last_month": "2026-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-5",
        "date": "2026-02-12",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.15763",
          "https://z.ai/blog/glm-5"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-5.3",
        "date": "2026-08-14",
        "month": "2026-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://z.ai/blog/glm-5.3"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.472,
    "central_musd": 15.39,
    "high_musd": 54.72
  },
  {
    "family": "Hunyuan Large / Hy3 / Hy4",
    "organization": "Tencent",
    "first_month": "2024-11",
    "last_month": "2026-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Hunyuan-Large",
        "date": "2024-11-06",
        "month": "2024-11",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02265"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Tencent Hy4 preview",
        "date": "2026-08-28",
        "month": "2026-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://hy.tencent.com/hy4-preview"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.144,
    "central_musd": 23.4144,
    "high_musd": 169.04
  },
  {
    "family": "K-EXAONE 1 / 2",
    "organization": "LG AI Research",
    "first_month": "2025-12",
    "last_month": "2026-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "K-EXAONE",
        "date": "2025-12-31",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "K-EXAONE 2.0",
        "date": "2026-07-31",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/K-EXAONE-2.0-750B-A37B",
          "https://github.com/LG-AI-EXAONE/K-EXAONE-2.0",
          "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/K-EXAONE-2.0-750B-A37B/blob/main/assets/K-EXAONE-2.0-Technical-Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.84,
    "central_musd": 10.9512,
    "high_musd": 34.476
  },
  {
    "family": "Nemotron 3 / 3.5",
    "organization": "NVIDIA",
    "first_month": "2025-12",
    "last_month": "2026-10",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Nemotron 3-Nano-30B-A3B",
        "date": "2025-12-15",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://research.nvidia.com/labs/nemotron/files/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-Technical-Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Nemotron 3.5 Lightning",
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "month": "2026-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-nemotron-3-5-lightning-delivers-fast-accurate-specialized-task-execution-for-long-running-agents/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Nemotron 3.5 Super-VL allowance",
        "month": "2026-10",
        "status": "unresolved_by_snapshot",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Ultra-550B-A55B-Base-BF16",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Super-VL-120B-A12B-Base-BF16",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Super-120B-A12B-BF16",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-30B-A3B-Base-BF16",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16"
        ],
        "note": "Release month not independently resolved. Late edge extended to the snapshot month; not an asserted October release."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 7.55,
    "central_musd": 21.25,
    "high_musd": 75.55
  },
  {
    "family": "MiniMax Text-01 / M1",
    "organization": "MiniMax",
    "first_month": "2025-01",
    "last_month": "2025-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "MiniMax-Text-01",
        "date": "2025-01-14",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08313"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "MiniMax-M1-80k",
        "date": "2025-06-13",
        "month": "2025-06",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13585"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 4.694048,
    "central_musd": 10.836018999999999,
    "high_musd": 29.678336
  },
  {
    "family": "MiniMax M2 / M3",
    "organization": "MiniMax",
    "first_month": "2025-10",
    "last_month": "2026-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "MiniMax-M2",
        "date": "2025-10-27",
        "month": "2025-10",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://www.minimax.io/news/minimax-m2"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "MiniMax-M3",
        "date": "2026-06-01",
        "month": "2026-06",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://www.minimax.io/blog/minimax-m3"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.584,
    "central_musd": 11.1375,
    "high_musd": 79.2
  },
  {
    "family": "ERNIE 4.5 text / VL",
    "organization": "Baidu",
    "first_month": "2025-06",
    "last_month": "2025-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-06-29",
        "date": "2025-06-29",
        "month": "2025-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/baidu/ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT",
          "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-06-29",
        "date": "2025-06-29",
        "month": "2025-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/baidu/ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT",
          "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.256,
    "central_musd": 7.56,
    "high_musd": 40.8
  },
  {
    "family": "Step 5",
    "organization": "StepFun",
    "first_month": "2026-09",
    "last_month": "2026-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Step 5 Preview",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "month": "2026-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://platform.stepfun.ai/docs/en/guides/models/step-5-preview"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Step 5 Preview",
        "date": "2026-09-18",
        "month": "2026-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://platform.stepfun.ai/docs/en/guides/models/step-5-preview"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.296,
    "central_musd": 9.1125,
    "high_musd": 64.8
  },
  {
    "family": "Mixtral 8x7B / 8x22B",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2023-12",
    "last_month": "2024-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mixtral 8x7B",
        "date": "2023-12-11",
        "month": "2023-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mixtral-of-experts/,",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04088"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mixtral 8x22B",
        "date": "2024-04-17",
        "month": "2024-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mixtral-8x22b/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.74736,
    "central_musd": 6.44598,
    "high_musd": 37.368
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral Medium 3.5",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2024-11",
    "last_month": "2026-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-11-01",
        "date": "2024-11-01",
        "month": "2024-11",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Medium-3.5-128B",
          "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Devstral-2-123B-Instruct-2512",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/vibe-remote-agents-mistral-medium-3-5",
          "https://x.com/mertunsal2020/status/2049551864556143094",
          "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Devstral-2-123B-Instruct-2512",
          "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Large-Instruct-2411"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Medium 3.5",
        "date": "2026-04-29",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Medium-3.5-128B"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 3.072,
    "central_musd": 24.8832,
    "high_musd": 156.672
  },
  {
    "family": "Falcon 7B / 40B / 180B",
    "organization": "TII",
    "first_month": "2023-05",
    "last_month": "2023-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2023-05-01",
        "date": "2023-05-01",
        "month": "2023-05",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://www.tii.ae/news/uaes-technology-innovation-institute-launches-open-source-falcon-40b-large-language-model"
        ],
        "note": "First open release May 2023; earlier Epoch announcement is not the weight release."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Falcon-180B",
        "date": "2023-09-06",
        "month": "2023-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://falconllm.tii.ae/falcon-180b.html;",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16867"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 6.0921,
    "central_musd": 14.01183,
    "high_musd": 36.5526
  },
  {
    "family": "BLOOM",
    "organization": "BigScience",
    "first_month": "2022-07",
    "last_month": "2022-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "BLOOM-176B",
        "date": "2022-07-11",
        "month": "2022-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05100"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "BLOOM-176B",
        "date": "2022-07-11",
        "month": "2022-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05100"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.078272,
    "central_musd": 2.264371,
    "high_musd": 3.881779
  },
  {
    "family": "FLUX 1 / 2",
    "organization": "Black Forest Labs",
    "first_month": "2024-08",
    "last_month": "2025-11",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Flux.1 [dev]",
        "date": "2024-08-01",
        "month": "2024-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://blackforestlabs.ai/announcing-black-forest-labs/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "FLUX.2",
        "date": "2025-11-25",
        "month": "2025-11",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://bfl.ai/blog/flux-2,",
          "https://github.com/black-forest-labs/flux2"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1,
    "central_musd": 8,
    "high_musd": 40
  },
  {
    "family": "Stable Diffusion 1 / 2 / XL / 3 / 3.5",
    "organization": "Stability AI",
    "first_month": "2022-08",
    "last_month": "2024-10",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2022-08-22",
        "date": "2022-08-22",
        "month": "2022-08",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2403.03206",
          "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-10-29",
        "date": "2024-10-29",
        "month": "2024-10",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2403.03206",
          "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1,
    "central_musd": 5,
    "high_musd": 25
  },
  {
    "family": "Wan 2.1 / 2.2",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2025-02",
    "last_month": "2025-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Wan 2.1 14B I2V",
        "date": "2025-02-25",
        "month": "2025-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20314"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-08-26",
        "date": "2025-08-26",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2503.20314",
          "https://huggingface.co/Wan-AI/Wan2.1-T2V-14B"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.5,
    "central_musd": 3,
    "high_musd": 15
  },
  {
    "family": "Whisper",
    "organization": "OpenAI",
    "first_month": "2022-09",
    "last_month": "2023-11",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Whisper",
        "date": "2022-09-21",
        "month": "2022-09",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04356"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2023-11-06",
        "date": "2023-11-06",
        "month": "2023-11",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large-v3",
          "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.12,
    "central_musd": 0.828,
    "high_musd": 4.8
  },
  {
    "family": "Gemma 2",
    "organization": "Google",
    "first_month": "2024-06",
    "last_month": "2024-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-27",
        "date": "2024-06-27",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2408.00118"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-07-31",
        "date": "2024-07-31",
        "month": "2024-07",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2408.00118"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.0496,
    "central_musd": 5.53392,
    "high_musd": 16.3968
  },
  {
    "family": "Gemma 3",
    "organization": "Google",
    "first_month": "2025-03",
    "last_month": "2025-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-03-12",
        "date": "2025-03-12",
        "month": "2025-03",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2503.19786"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-03-12",
        "date": "2025-03-12",
        "month": "2025-03",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2503.19786"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.592,
    "central_musd": 6.9984,
    "high_musd": 20.736
  },
  {
    "family": "Gemma 4",
    "organization": "Google",
    "first_month": "2026-04",
    "last_month": "2026-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Gemma 4 31B IT",
        "date": "2026-04-02",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Gemma 4 12B",
        "date": "2026-06-03",
        "month": "2026-06",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/core/model_card_4"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.8048,
    "central_musd": 9.1368,
    "high_musd": 57.528
  },
  {
    "family": "gpt-oss 120B / 20B",
    "organization": "OpenAI",
    "first_month": "2025-08",
    "last_month": "2025-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-08-05",
        "date": "2025-08-05",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2508.10925"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-08-05",
        "date": "2025-08-05",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2508.10925"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 3.465,
    "central_musd": 5.775,
    "high_musd": 12.012
  },
  {
    "family": "OLMo 2",
    "organization": "Ai2",
    "first_month": "2024-12",
    "last_month": "2025-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "OLMo 2 Furious 7B",
        "date": "2024-12-31",
        "month": "2024-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00656"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "OLMo 2 32B",
        "date": "2025-03-13",
        "month": "2025-03",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://allenai.org/blog/olmo2-32B"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.368,
    "central_musd": 3.5397,
    "high_musd": 10.26
  },
  {
    "family": "Granite 3 dense",
    "organization": "IBM",
    "first_month": "2024-10",
    "last_month": "2024-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-10-21",
        "date": "2024-10-21",
        "month": "2024-10",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-3.0-8b-base"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-12-18",
        "date": "2024-12-18",
        "month": "2024-12",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-3.0-8b-base"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.576,
    "central_musd": 1.4904,
    "high_musd": 4.32
  },
  {
    "family": "Phi 4",
    "organization": "Microsoft",
    "first_month": "2025-01",
    "last_month": "2025-01",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-01-08",
        "date": "2025-01-08",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azure-ai-foundry-blog/introducing-phi-4-microsoft%E2%80%99s-newest-small-language-model-specializing-in-comple/4357090"
        ],
        "note": "January 8 update announces Hugging Face availability; December commits do not establish public access."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-01-08",
        "date": "2025-01-08",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azure-ai-foundry-blog/introducing-phi-4-microsoft%E2%80%99s-newest-small-language-model-specializing-in-comple/4357090"
        ],
        "note": "January 8 update announces Hugging Face availability; December commits do not establish public access."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.65856,
    "central_musd": 1.778112,
    "high_musd": 5.59776
  },
  {
    "family": "Nemotron 4 / H",
    "organization": "NVIDIA",
    "first_month": "2024-06",
    "last_month": "2025-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Nemotron-4 340B",
        "date": "2024-06-14",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/nemotron-4-synthetic-data-generation-llm-training/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-04-14",
        "date": "2025-04-14",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Nemotron-4-340B-Base",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03624"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 20.64,
    "central_musd": 53.41,
    "high_musd": 154.8
  },
  {
    "family": "Trinity Large",
    "organization": "Arcee / Prime Intellect",
    "first_month": "2026-02",
    "last_month": "2026-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Arcee Trinity Large",
        "date": "2026-02-19",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17004"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Arcee Trinity Large",
        "date": "2026-02-19",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17004"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.0608,
    "central_musd": 2.74482,
    "high_musd": 7.956
  },
  {
    "family": "Step Video",
    "organization": "StepFun",
    "first_month": "2025-02",
    "last_month": "2025-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-02-24",
        "date": "2025-02-24",
        "month": "2025-02",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2502.10248",
          "https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/stepvideo-t2v"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-02-24",
        "date": "2025-02-24",
        "month": "2025-02",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2502.10248",
          "https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/stepvideo-t2v"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.2,
    "central_musd": 8.490272,
    "high_musd": 48.0
  },
  {
    "family": "Inkling / Small",
    "organization": "Thinking Machines",
    "first_month": "2026-07",
    "last_month": "2026-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Inkling",
        "date": "2026-07-15",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://thinkingmachines.ai/news/introducing-inkling/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Inkling-Small",
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://thinkingmachines.ai/news/introducing-inkling/",
          "https://thinkingmachines.ai/model-card/inkling-small/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 9.72,
    "central_musd": 32.2,
    "high_musd": 123.12
  },
  {
    "family": "MiMo 7B / V2 Flash / V2.5 Pro",
    "organization": "Xiaomi",
    "first_month": "2025-06",
    "last_month": "2026-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-06-05",
        "date": "2025-06-05",
        "month": "2025-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2-Flash",
          "https://huggingface.co/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2.5-Pro",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07608"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2026-04-23",
        "date": "2026-04-23",
        "month": "2026-04",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2-Flash",
          "https://huggingface.co/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2.5-Pro",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07608"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 8.2272,
    "central_musd": 22.21344,
    "high_musd": 69.9312
  },
  {
    "family": "TeleChat 1 / 2",
    "organization": "China Telecom",
    "first_month": "2024-04",
    "last_month": "2024-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-04-01",
        "date": "2024-04-01",
        "month": "2024-04",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/Tele-AI/TeleChat2-115B",
          "https://github.com/Tele-AI/TeleChat2"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-09-20",
        "date": "2024-09-20",
        "month": "2024-09",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/Tele-AI/TeleChat2-115B",
          "https://github.com/Tele-AI/TeleChat2"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.62272,
    "central_musd": 15.84,
    "high_musd": 60.0
  },
  {
    "family": "Apertus 8B / 70B",
    "organization": "Swiss AI",
    "first_month": "2025-09",
    "last_month": "2025-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-09-02",
        "date": "2025-09-02",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/swiss-ai/Apertus-70B-2509",
          "https://github.com/swiss-ai/apertus-tech-report/blob/main/Apertus_Tech_Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-09-02",
        "date": "2025-09-02",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/swiss-ai/Apertus-70B-2509",
          "https://github.com/swiss-ai/apertus-tech-report/blob/main/Apertus_Tech_Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.968,
    "central_musd": 15.4422,
    "high_musd": 44.76
  },
  {
    "family": "Solar Open 100B / Open2 250B",
    "organization": "Upstage",
    "first_month": "2025-12",
    "last_month": "2026-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-12-31",
        "date": "2025-12-31",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/upstage/Solar-Open2-250B",
          "https://huggingface.co/upstage/Solar-Open-100B",
          "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2026-06-28",
        "date": "2026-06-28",
        "month": "2026-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/upstage/Solar-Open2-250B",
          "https://huggingface.co/upstage/Solar-Open-100B",
          "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 7.13472,
    "central_musd": 12.55312,
    "high_musd": 21.6736
  },
  {
    "family": "DBRX",
    "organization": "Databricks",
    "first_month": "2024-03",
    "last_month": "2024-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-03-27",
        "date": "2024-03-27",
        "month": "2024-03",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm",
          "https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-base"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-03-27",
        "date": "2024-03-27",
        "month": "2024-03",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm",
          "https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-base"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.0736,
    "central_musd": 5.36544,
    "high_musd": 15.552
  },
  {
    "family": "Grok 1",
    "organization": "xAI",
    "first_month": "2024-03",
    "last_month": "2024-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-03-17",
        "date": "2024-03-17",
        "month": "2024-03",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://x.ai/news/grok-os"
        ],
        "note": "Open release March 17, 2024, not November 2023 API debut."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-03-17",
        "date": "2024-03-17",
        "month": "2024-03",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://x.ai/news/grok-os"
        ],
        "note": "Open release March 17, 2024, not November 2023 API debut."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.2,
    "central_musd": 6.003,
    "high_musd": 42.0
  },
  {
    "family": "Command R / R+",
    "organization": "Cohere",
    "first_month": "2024-03",
    "last_month": "2024-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-03-11",
        "date": "2024-03-11",
        "month": "2024-03",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/CohereLabs/c4ai-command-r-plus"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-04-04",
        "date": "2024-04-04",
        "month": "2024-04",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/CohereLabs/c4ai-command-r-plus"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.3344,
    "central_musd": 9.007200000000001,
    "high_musd": 50.04
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral Large 3 — base",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2025-12",
    "last_month": "2025-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Large 3",
        "date": "2025-12-02",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Large 3",
        "date": "2025-12-02",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.968,
    "central_musd": 7.9704,
    "high_musd": 29.52
  },
  {
    "family": "Nemotron Nano 2 — 12B base",
    "organization": "NVIDIA",
    "first_month": "2025-08",
    "last_month": "2025-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-12B-v2",
        "date": "2025-08-18",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-12B-v2"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-12B-v2",
        "date": "2025-08-18",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-12B-v2"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.1817600000000001,
    "central_musd": 2.65896,
    "high_musd": 5.9088
  },
  {
    "family": "Cosmos 1 / Predict1 — allocation scenario",
    "organization": "NVIDIA",
    "first_month": "2025-01",
    "last_month": "2025-01",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Cosmos-Predict1-7b-Video2World",
        "date": "2025-01-07",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03575"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Cosmos-Predict1-14b-Video2World",
        "date": "2025-01-07",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03575"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 8.1,
    "central_musd": 27.0,
    "high_musd": 64.8
  },
  {
    "family": "Cosmos 3 Nano + Super — generator increment",
    "organization": "NVIDIA",
    "first_month": "2026-05",
    "last_month": "2026-05",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2026-05-31",
        "date": "2026-05-31",
        "month": "2026-05",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://developer.nvidia.com/drive/downloads"
        ],
        "note": "NVIDIA lists May 31, 2026 for Nano and Super."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2026-05-31",
        "date": "2026-05-31",
        "month": "2026-05",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://developer.nvidia.com/drive/downloads"
        ],
        "note": "NVIDIA lists May 31, 2026 for Nano and Super."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 4.319616,
    "central_musd": 9.719136,
    "high_musd": 43.19616
  },
  {
    "family": "Command A — 111B base",
    "organization": "Cohere",
    "first_month": "2025-03",
    "last_month": "2025-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Cohere Command A",
        "date": "2025-03-13",
        "month": "2025-03",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://cohere.com/blog/command-a",
          "https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-a-03-2025?ref=cohere-ai.ghost.io"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Cohere Command A",
        "date": "2025-03-13",
        "month": "2025-03",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://cohere.com/blog/command-a",
          "https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-a-03-2025?ref=cohere-ai.ghost.io"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 21.5784,
    "high_musd": 79.92
  },
  {
    "family": "Command A+ — 25B active base",
    "organization": "Cohere",
    "first_month": "2026-05",
    "last_month": "2026-05",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Command A+",
        "date": "2026-05-20",
        "month": "2026-05",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://docs.cohere.com/changelog/command-a-plus-05-2026"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Command A+",
        "date": "2026-05-20",
        "month": "2026-05",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://docs.cohere.com/changelog/command-a-plus-05-2026"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 6.75,
    "high_musd": 24.0
  },
  {
    "family": "Grok 2 — 2024 base scenario",
    "organization": "xAI",
    "first_month": "2025-08",
    "last_month": "2025-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-08-23",
        "date": "2025-08-23",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "primary_upload_month_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/xai-org/grok-2/commits/main"
        ],
        "note": "August 2025 weights/upload history; 2024 is the training/API generation, not open release. Commit time alone does not prove public visibility."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-08-23",
        "date": "2025-08-23",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "primary_upload_month_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/xai-org/grok-2/commits/main"
        ],
        "note": "August 2025 weights/upload history; 2024 is the training/API generation, not open release. Commit time alone does not prove public visibility."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 9.763200000000001,
    "high_musd": 40.68
  },
  {
    "family": "A.X K1",
    "organization": "SK Telecom",
    "first_month": "2025-12",
    "last_month": "2025-12",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "A.X K1",
        "date": "2025-12-30",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09200",
          "https://huggingface.co/skt/A.X-K1"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "A.X K1",
        "date": "2025-12-30",
        "month": "2025-12",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09200",
          "https://huggingface.co/skt/A.X-K1"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.584,
    "central_musd": 6.4152000000000005,
    "high_musd": 23.76
  },
  {
    "family": "A.X K2 — pretraining",
    "organization": "SK Telecom",
    "first_month": "2026-07",
    "last_month": "2026-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "A.X K2",
        "date": "2026-07-29",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/skt/A.X-K2",
          "https://github.com/SKT-AI/A.X-K2/blob/main/A_X_K2_Tech_Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "A.X K2",
        "date": "2026-07-29",
        "month": "2026-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/skt/A.X-K2",
          "https://github.com/SKT-AI/A.X-K2/blob/main/A_X_K2_Tech_Report.pdf"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.29888,
    "central_musd": 2.9224799999999997,
    "high_musd": 6.4944
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 2 — dense 0.5/1.5/7/72B",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2024-06",
    "last_month": "2024-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-07",
        "date": "2024-06-07",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2407.10671v1"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-07",
        "date": "2024-06-07",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2407.10671v1"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.7336,
    "central_musd": 6.1506,
    "high_musd": 13.668
  },
  {
    "family": "Qwen 2 57B-A14B — upcycling increment",
    "organization": "Alibaba",
    "first_month": "2024-06",
    "last_month": "2024-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-07",
        "date": "2024-06-07",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2407.10671v1"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-07",
        "date": "2024-06-07",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://arxiv.org/html/2407.10671v1"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.3024,
    "central_musd": 0.6804,
    "high_musd": 1.512
  },
  {
    "family": "GLM 4 32B — April 2025 base",
    "organization": "Z.ai",
    "first_month": "2025-04",
    "last_month": "2025-04",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-4-32B-0414",
        "date": "2025-04-14",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/zai-org/GLM-4-32B-0414"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "GLM-4-32B-0414",
        "date": "2025-04-14",
        "month": "2025-04",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://huggingface.co/zai-org/GLM-4-32B-0414"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.304,
    "central_musd": 5.184,
    "high_musd": 11.52
  },
  {
    "family": "Seed-OSS 36B — base",
    "organization": "ByteDance Seed",
    "first_month": "2025-08",
    "last_month": "2025-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Seed-OSS-36B-Base",
        "date": "2025-08-21",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://seed.bytedance.com/en/blog/seed-oss-open-source-models-release"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Seed-OSS-36B-Base",
        "date": "2025-08-21",
        "month": "2025-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://seed.bytedance.com/en/blog/seed-oss-open-source-models-release"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 2.0736000000000003,
    "central_musd": 4.6656,
    "high_musd": 10.368
  },
  {
    "family": "Chameleon 7B + 34B — pretraining",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2024-06",
    "last_month": "2024-06",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-18",
        "date": "2024-06-18",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/chameleon-downloads/"
        ],
        "note": "Weights release June 18, 2024, not May paper publication."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-06-18",
        "date": "2024-06-18",
        "month": "2024-06",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/chameleon-downloads/"
        ],
        "note": "Weights release June 18, 2024, not May paper publication."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 5.138888,
    "central_musd": 10.277776,
    "high_musd": 15.416664
  },
  {
    "family": "Code Llama — released 12-model increment",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2023-08",
    "last_month": "2024-01",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2023-08-24",
        "date": "2023-08-24",
        "month": "2023-08",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/CodeLlama-70b-hf"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2024-01-29",
        "date": "2024-01-29",
        "month": "2024-01",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/CodeLlama-70b-hf"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.4,
    "central_musd": 2.8,
    "high_musd": 4.2
  },
  {
    "family": "CWM — pretraining + mid-training",
    "organization": "Meta",
    "first_month": "2025-09",
    "last_month": "2025-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-09-24",
        "date": "2025-09-24",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/cwm-an-open-weights-llm-for-research-on-code-generation-with-world-models"
        ],
        "note": "Release announcement September 24, 2025."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-09-24",
        "date": "2025-09-24",
        "month": "2025-09",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/cwm-an-open-weights-llm-for-research-on-code-generation-with-world-models"
        ],
        "note": "Release announcement September 24, 2025."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.9968000000000001,
    "central_musd": 4.4928,
    "high_musd": 9.984
  },
  {
    "family": "Jamba 1.5 Large — base scenario",
    "organization": "AI21 Labs",
    "first_month": "2024-08",
    "last_month": "2024-08",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Jamba 1.5-Large",
        "date": "2024-08-22",
        "month": "2024-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12570",
          "https://www.ai21.com/blog/announcing-jamba-model-family",
          "https://huggingface.co/ai21labs/AI21-Jamba-1.5-Large"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Jamba 1.5-Large",
        "date": "2024-08-22",
        "month": "2024-08",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12570",
          "https://www.ai21.com/blog/announcing-jamba-model-family",
          "https://huggingface.co/ai21labs/AI21-Jamba-1.5-Large"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 8.121599999999999,
    "high_musd": 33.84
  },
  {
    "family": "Step 3 — base scenario",
    "organization": "StepFun",
    "first_month": "2025-07",
    "last_month": "2025-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-07-01",
        "date": "2025-07-01",
        "month": "2025-07",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/step3"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2025-07-31",
        "date": "2025-07-31",
        "month": "2025-07",
        "status": "working_month_unverified",
        "sources": [
          "https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/step3"
        ],
        "note": "Curated working month for the budgeted release; open-weight availability still requires independent verification."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 7.3872,
    "high_musd": 27.36
  },
  {
    "family": "Step 3.5 Flash — base scenario",
    "organization": "StepFun",
    "first_month": "2026-02",
    "last_month": "2026-02",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Step 3.5 Flash",
        "date": "2026-02-02",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://static.stepfun.com/blog/step-3.5-flash/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Step 3.5 Flash",
        "date": "2026-02-02",
        "month": "2026-02",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://static.stepfun.com/blog/step-3.5-flash/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 2.9699999999999998,
    "high_musd": 10.56
  },
  {
    "family": "OLMo 3 — 7B + 32B pretraining",
    "organization": "Ai2",
    "first_month": "2025-11",
    "last_month": "2025-11",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Olmo 3",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "month": "2025-11",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13961"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Olmo 3",
        "date": "2025-11-20",
        "month": "2025-11",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13961"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 1.0440479999999999,
    "central_musd": 2.3491079999999998,
    "high_musd": 5.2202399999999995
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral Small 4 — base scenario",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2026-03",
    "last_month": "2026-03",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Small 4",
        "date": "2026-03-16",
        "month": "2026-03",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-small-4/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Small 4",
        "date": "2026-03-16",
        "month": "2026-03",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-small-4/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 1.755,
    "high_musd": 6.24
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral Small 3 — 24B base scenario",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2025-01",
    "last_month": "2025-01",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Small 3",
        "date": "2025-01-30",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-small-3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral Small 3",
        "date": "2025-01-30",
        "month": "2025-01",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-small-3/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 4.6656,
    "high_musd": 17.28
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral NeMo — 12B joint base",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2024-07",
    "last_month": "2024-07",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral NeMo",
        "date": "2024-07-18",
        "month": "2024-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-nemo/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Mistral NeMo",
        "date": "2024-07-18",
        "month": "2024-07",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/mistral-nemo/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.2304,
    "central_musd": 1.0368,
    "high_musd": 4.32
  },
  {
    "family": "Mistral 7B — original base",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2023-09",
    "last_month": "2023-09",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2023-09-27",
        "date": "2023-09-27",
        "month": "2023-09",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://mistral.ai/news/announcing-mistral-7b/"
        ],
        "note": "Release September 27, 2023, not October paper date."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "@2023-09-27",
        "date": "2023-09-27",
        "month": "2023-09",
        "status": "primary_release_month",
        "sources": [
          "https://mistral.ai/news/announcing-mistral-7b/"
        ],
        "note": "Release September 27, 2023, not October paper date."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0.05184000000000001,
    "central_musd": 0.1944,
    "high_musd": 0.6912
  },
  {
    "family": "Codestral 22B — one base scenario",
    "organization": "Mistral AI",
    "first_month": "2024-05",
    "last_month": "2024-05",
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "model_or_date": "Codestral",
        "date": "2024-05-29",
        "month": "2024-05",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/codestral/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      },
      {
        "model_or_date": "Codestral",
        "date": "2024-05-29",
        "month": "2024-05",
        "status": "epoch_publication_proxy",
        "sources": [
          "https://epoch.ai/data/notable-ai-models",
          "https://mistral.ai/news/codestral/"
        ],
        "note": "Exact named Epoch row; Publication date is a secondary proxy, not independently verified weight availability."
      }
    ],
    "low_musd": 0,
    "central_musd": 1.9180799999999998,
    "high_musd": 7.991999999999999
  }
]